KEANEKARAGAMAN BAKTERI PATOGEN PADA TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA: KAJIAN LITERATUR TENTANG TANAMAN INANG, FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN, DAN TANTANGAN PENGELOLAAN PENYAKIT

Ewinda Isensi Feni; Yestri Limau; Henry Pietherson ery

Authors

Ewinda Isensi Feni Program Studi biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas San Pedro
Yestri Limau Program Studi biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas San Pedro
Henry Pietherson ery Program Studi biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas San Pedro

Keywords:

Bakteri Patogen, Tanaman pangan, Tanaman hortikultura, Tanaman inang, faktor lingkungan, pengelolaan penyakit

Abstract

Bakteri patogen merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penyakit pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura yang berdampak terhadap penurunan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil panen. Keanekaragaman bakteri patogen, hubungan dengan tanaman inang, serta pengaruh faktor lingkungan menjadi aspek penting dalam memahami perkembangan penyakit dan tantangan pengelolaannya. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji keanekaragaman bakteri patogen pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura, hubungan dengan tanaman inang, pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap perkembangan penyakit, serta tantangan dalam pengelolaan penyakit berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Literatur diperoleh dari basis data Google Scholar, Scopus dan PubMed yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2019-2026. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri patogen yang paling banyak dilaporkan adalah Ralstonia spp., Xanthomonas spp., Pectobacterium spp., dan Dickeya spp. Setiap bakteri memiliki kisaran tanaman inang, organ tanaman yang diserang, serta karakteristik infeksi yang berbeda. Perkembangan penyakit dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kelembapan, curah hujan, drainase, dan sistem budidaya yang mendukung penyebaran patogen. Pengelolaan penyakit masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, antara lain keterlambatan identifikasi patogen, resistensi terhadap bakterisida, penyebaran melalui benih, keterbatasan varietas tahan, kemampuan bakteri bertahan di lingkungan, serta perubahan iklim. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai hubungan antara bakteri patogen, tanaman inang, dan faktor lingkungan sebagai dasar pengembangan pengelolaan penyakit yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.

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