TINJAUAN TAKSONOMI, FILOGENETIK, DAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER JAMUR GENUS TERMITOMYCES

Hisreidi Funome; Ewinda Isensi Feni

Authors

Hisreidi Funome Program Studi biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas San Pedro
Ewinda Isensi Feni Program Studi biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas San Pedro

Keywords:

Termitomyces, Taksonomi, Filogenetik, Metabolit Sekunder, Bioaktivitas

Abstract

Genus Termitomyces merupakan kelompok jamur Basidiomycota yang dikenal memiliki hubungan simbiotik obligat dengan rayap dan berperan penting secara ekologis, pangan, serta berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif perkembangan kajian taksonomi, filogenetik, dan metabolit sekunder pada genus Termitomyces berdasarkan literatur ilmiah dalam rentang waktu 2019–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur terhadap artikel penelitian dan artikel ulasan yang relevan dari jurnal nasional dan internasional. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi Termitomyces telah berkembang dari pendekatan morfologi menuju integrasi data molekuler berbasis marker genetik, yang memberikan kejelasan hubungan filogenetik dan delimitasi spesies. Selain itu, berbagai spesies Termitomyces dilaporkan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, terpenoid, polisakarida, dan senyawa volatil dengan aktivitas biologis, terutama antioksidan dan antimikroba. Keterkaitan antara taksonomi dan profil metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa keakuratan identifikasi spesies menjadi dasar penting dalam eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif. Tinjauan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan bagi penelitian lanjutan terkait biodiversitas, bioprospeksi, dan pemanfaatan Termitomyces secara berkelanjutan.

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